Exporting and Growth for Small Business Research Paper - 1

Trading and Growth for Small Business - Research Paper Example This comes because of expanded supplies required for the objective market making the expense of creation per unit decline (Burgel and Murray, 2009). Another advantage for littler organizations wandering into the worldwide market is that they can possibly acquire information. This is an outcome of the experience procured in the universal market making the little organization administrators to improve in both their local and outside business. A portion of the information that might be picked up could be on new innovations, new promoting thoughts or item quality improvement (Hill, 2011). In conclusion, little organizations have the benefit of expanding dangers by wandering into the global business. In that capacity, dangers, for example, showcase changes that could be occurring in the household advertise become equitably dispersed, and the organization becomes completely influenced. Little organizations that don't participate in either fare or import adventure have a lower level of supportability. They can just get by guaranteeing that they rule their residential market. Likewise, they can just get by creating great merchandise that surpass comparative global items. Eminently, such organizations can continue themselves by represent considerable authority in showcase section rehearses. Such practices incorporate; expanded advancement, value change, item improvement, and the production of more dissemination channels. Remarkably, expanded advancement is done through publicizing the item to make more individuals mindful of the item. Value modifications are the difference in costs to the global normalized rate (Burgel and Murray, 2009). The training will empower the organization to charm household showcase to the detriment of outside items. Item improvement happens when certain items take additional time than the normal to proceed onward the market. In that capacity, the organization improves the results by improving the quality or marking the items â€Å"new and improved†. The last advance for such organizations to be supportable

Discuss the potential role of omega-3 fatty acids in the treatment of Essay - 1

Examine the potential job of omega-3 unsaturated fats in the treatment of provocative infections - Essay Example People require polyunsaturated unsaturated fats for endurance. This may come as Omega 3 or Omega 6. Omega 3 polyunsaturated unsaturated fat (PUFA) and Omega 6 unsaturated fats regularly contend with each other in the body despite the fact that Omega 3 has more gainful medical advantages than the last mentioned. Most western eating regimens contain more Omega 6 unsaturated fats than Omega 3. It is hence that when contrasted with their Eastern partners, Westerners have high rates of fiery issue. Eskimos have next to zero reports of immune system and aggravation related scatters attributable to their omega 3-rich eating regimen. The last network devours a lot of ocean bottom, which is a dependable wellspring of Omega 3. The western eating routine at present needs specified degrees of omega 3. A large portion of it is ruled by omega 6 in proportions of 15 to 1 rather than 1:1 (Simopoulos, 2006). Development requires a generally high measure of omega 3 in the eating regimen however busine ss and social examples negate this example. Omega 3 attempts to decrease irritation in the body through a progression of activities. As a soon an individual takes fish or eats fish, the EPA (Eicosapentaenoic corrosive an Omega 3 PUFA) limits the arrival of prostaglandin metabolites. It likewise lessens the degree of solid platelet aggregators in the blood. This causes the minimisation of leukotreine, which actuates irritation in the body. Moreover, the corrosive additionally works by expanding the degree of feeble platelet aggregators (Simopoulos, 2006). When an individual expands their utilization of fish oil, they will in general report diminished degrees of cholesterol just as low measures of triglycerides. These present calming advantages to the host. EPAs in the body work to supplant omega 6 corrosive in all cells of the body. Be that as it may, specific consideration is given to liver cells, monocytes, erythrocytes, neutrophils and platelets. Cell

Handling Job and Family as a Working Mom like a Pro

Handling Job and Family as a Working Mom like a Pro The question most women have to think at some stage of their life is “how to handle both a job and a family”. There are those who still think it’s impossible to ‘have it all’, while most women just want to find a way to make it work. © Shutterstock.com | OlimpikWe’ll look at what the current situation is all about, provide you real tips and solutions for making it work, and bust some myths surrounding balancing job and family as a working mom.THE NUMBERS BEHIND THE DILEMMAThere’s plenty of data to suggest how the act of balancing a job and a family as a working mother is not an easy thing to do. As women are being presented with increasing career opportunities around the world, more women will be confronted with having to find career and family equilibrium.In fact, two-parent households with both mom and dad working have quickly become more common in countries like the US. In 2015, 46% of two-parent households in the country had both parents in full-time employment.Furthermore, studies have shown how most family chores, discipline and time spent with the kids are equally shared between mom and dad in the western world. But when it comes to scheduling and sick days, including the need to take time off work, t he burden tends to fall on the shoulders of the mother.For example, Pew Social Trends have studied the issues in the US. In the most recent study from 2015, the figures highlighted the following facts:Six out of ten working mothers believe balancing a job and a family is difficult.41% of mothers said parenting makes career advancement harder; with only 6% of moms feeling career progression is actually easier.40% of full-time employed mothers feel they are constantly rushed, with 50% stating they sometimes feel rushed and 42% stating they don’t get to spend enough time with their children.Attitudes towards the dilemma have also grown rather pessimistic among some women. In her 2014 book, Getting Real About Having It All, Megan Dalla-Camina surveyed 1,000 female professionals and made the following findings:70% of women think it’s impossible to be a success at work and home.64% of women felt they don’t have everything they want, meaning something has to give when finding the bal ance.As the above shows, women are choosing both career and family, but have a hard time finding that equilibrium. There’s a sense among working women that you either have to say goodbye to your dream career or spend less time with your children. But is finding the balance impossible?[slideshare id=41347651doc=statsaboutwomen-141110061309-conversion-gate02w=640h=330]WHAT YOU CAN DO TO GET ON THE RIGHT TRACKIf you want to start your journey to a more rewarding life as a working mom, both in terms of your career and family, there are steps you can take.The three keys to get yourself on the right track include defining your priorities, setting boundaries and taking care of yourself.#1 Define your prioritiesThe first thing you need to focus on is finding out where your priorities are. It might turn out to be true that you “cannot have it all”, but would you even want that? Could it be you are just dreaming about that CEO job since it’s something a business-minded person should d ream about?It’s essential to understand what your priorities are and what are the things you truly want to achieve. You should define your priorities in three categories:Personal priorities â€" What are the things that matter to you the most?Family priorities â€" What do you want as a family? It’s a good idea to discuss these family goals together with your partner.Career priorities â€" What do you want to achieve in your career?If you want to find out more about women who have done the above, you should consider reading the book I Know How She Does It by Laura Vanderkam. She herself is the mother of four and leads a successful life as a writer, author, and a speaker.In addition, watch the interesting interview by one business mom, Neva Williamson, on her take on work-life balance: Defining your true priorities based on what you and your family want will provide more direction to your life. Knowing the goals and dreams you have, can ensure you develop the roadmap to getting thes e goals.For example, if you dream about starting your own business as the ultimate career goal, you can outline the steps you need to take to get there. These could be saving money, finding business partners or gaining experience in a specific industry, for example.#2 Set boundaries by saying ‘no’The second truth about the balancing act is all about learning the balance of saying ‘yes’ and ‘no’. You simply cannot say ‘yes’ to everything, whether it is children’s parties or work-related things. But the thing to remember is that saying ‘yes’ isn’t even necessary.First, you’ve already defined your goals in the above step. This means you have the plan to work towards your goals. If you are asked to do something, you need to think whether it helps you get closer to your priority or not. If it doesn’t and you have ten million other things to do, just say ‘no’.Understand the engagements and events that bring you closer to your objectives and which are meanin gful to you. Learn to let go of the ones that aren’t.The second point to keep in mind involves understanding the power of ‘no’, or the lack of it. Saying ‘no’ doesn’t mean you don’t care about the person or the engagement and it doesn’t mean you aren’t willing to commit. Priorities do take over and you need to understand it.[slideshare id=36962678doc=thepowerofno-140714122828-phpapp02w=640h=330]#3 Don’t forget about yourselfFinally, you can’t achieve success with the balancing act if you are emotionally and physically drained. While you want to give your attention to your job and your family, it doesn’t mean you shouldn’t occasionally just devote time for yourself.Emotional and physical wellbeing can guarantee you are more focused when performing tasks. This means you can be present with your children and achieve more at work. Meditating can help with that.If balancing a job and family seems like a struggle, you might be wondering how can you add time alone to this equation? There are certain best practices you must focus on.First, schedule a spot in your calendar that you consistently spend on just yourself. It can be anything from two hours to half a day. The key is to ensure you only do something you love and which is relaxing to do (and doesn’t involve work or the family!). This could be a shopping trip, a facial at the spa or just a quiet moment in your favorite spot with a book and some tea.Don’t skip this moment unless there is a must-do reason and even then re-schedule the moment to another day! Make it a habit to spend some time just thinking about yourself and your dreams.Second thing to do is to start sleeping more. An hour before going to bed, stop using electronics and instead read a book, have a bubble bath or play board games with the family. It guarantees you a more restful sleep.Your third objective is to fix the diet. Include more healthy greens, start eating more fish and kick out sugary treats from your meal pl an.Finally, include exercise to your daily routine. This can be a brisk walk with the kids, taking the stairs instead of the elevator and doing yoga with the family. There are tons of ways to get moving with the whole family â€" this is fun and it guarantees you all stay active.Don’t forget part of the emotional wellbeing comes from the relationship with your partner. It’s important to have enough time alone with your partner, whether this is an evening chat every night or a weekly dinner for just mom and dad.MYTHS ABOUT BALANCING WORK AND FAMILYMany working moms also have a persistent idea of what the balancing act will look like. But these ideals are mostly based on myths instead of facts. It’s important to get rid of these three harmful thinking patterns, if you want to handle a job and family as a working mom.Myth 1: Time must be divided equallyWhile balancing might sound like dividing time 50-50 between your job and your family, it isn’t actually the case. You can’t a lways spend an equal amount of time at work and home.You will be faced with times when priorities switch and the other aspect of your life requires more time. It might be that you are negotiating an important deal at work or that one of your children needs more attention due to looming exams. On the other hand, sometimes work is smooth and the family life seems to be going along just fine.You need to be flexible with your time management and take advantage of these ‘smoother times’. If you don’t have much to do at work, take more time off to be with the family and vice versa. If you’ve done everything you need to do at the office, ask the rest of the day off or use part of your time to schedule the children’s hobbies and stuff.[slideshare id=17820376doc=26-time-management-hacks-i-wish-id-known-at-20-130328142451-phpapp02w=640h=330]Myth 2: You must do it on your ownHandling your career and family doesn’t mean you need to do it all alone. It doesn’t mean you have to be i n charge of every aspect or otherwise you’ll fail. In fact, the ability to delegate is an important part of being a success in this field.While studies show moms and dads are much more equal when it comes to housework, you shouldn’t be afraid to ask your partner to help more if you feel like it. It’s important to avoid keeping a tap on who does what, but try to ensure neither of you feel burdened by the housework.Again, it’s also beneficial to balance the amount of work on each of your shoulders in relation to your work. If you have a busy schedule for one month, ask the partner to chip in more and vice versa.Furthermore, you shouldn’t feel guilty about using nannies during the busier times. They are also great occasional help when you just need to recharge those batteries.You should look for childcare help online. For example, sites like care.com and sittercity.com are great sites for people in the US. You can also ask around at work â€" other moms and dads might know of great childcare options.If you only need occasional help and you don’t want to pay a fortune, perhaps you have young teenager relatives who would like to do it for a bit of extra money. In addition, your friends might have young adults willing to work for a few hours a week.You should also learn to delegate at work. If your schedule is fully booked, ask around if others can help with specific tasks. If you are in a managerial role, don’t try to do everything on your own â€"other people might be more than happy to take on the extra responsibilities.If you are struggling with delegating work, then watch this video. Myth 3: You need to live with constant guiltWorking mothers, unfortunately, tend to live with a lot of guilt. The guilt can stop them from seeking help and could even lead to higher levels of stress, which in turn can hinder one’s performance.Care.com surveyed working mothers in 2014 and found 29% of mothers feeling guilty for needing help. It seems, mothers take this feeling of guilt as a given downside of working and having a family. Katie Herrick Bugbee, the global parenting expert at Care.com, commented the findings and pointed out, “The guilt will always be there, no matter what, it just is. It is this drive to be perfect, to be better than our own mothers were, to have it all.” Bugbee continued by saying, “We need to cut ourselves some slack.”But you shouldn’t waste time feeling guilty as a working mother. There is evidence to suggest working mom’s children turn out just fine. Big part of getting rid of guilt is understanding your own priorities. Focusing on what you want to do the most. If that means certain things don’t get enough of your attention, then so be it.Furthermore, you should also stop comparing yourself. The guilt often hits the hardest if you start comparing yourself with others. Thoughts like, “Oh Jill is still staying at the office. Should I stay longer as well?” and “On Gemma is going to yoga classes w ith her kids. Oh, I don’t know how she does it!” are probably rather familiar.Jodi Peterson, a deputy office administrator at the US Senate, nailed the problem of comparing yourself with others when commenting the Care.com findings, “Each family is so unique.” If you and your family don’t do things like others, it doesn’t matter. You tailor your career and your family around your needs and capabilities.TIPS FOR HANDLING JOB AND FAMILY AS A WORKING MOMFinally, let’s look at some tips for ensuring the above is easier and handling job and family comes like a second nature to you.#1 Whatever you do, give your 100%Many moms try to do a bit of both at the same time. Playing with the kids, while writing emails on the other hand is a scenario most parents subscribe to. But studies have started to highlight how multi-tasking is not actually the best route to success.Instead, you should give 100% of your focus to work when at work and 100% to the family when you spend time with them. This guarantees you efficiency, removes the guilt factor and ensures you are more present in the moment.When you are at work, try cancelling any thoughts about organizing those birthday parties or solving yet another fight between the kids. If you work from home, it’s OK to teach children to respect your work time. Explain them the benefits of staying focused, as it’s only a great life lesson for them to take forward!The same applies to when you are off work. Be with the children and focus on solving and planning family-related issues. Turn off the work phone, avoid looking at emails or writing work-related paperwork.[slideshare id=41458425doc=procrastinationslideshare03-141112082436-conversion-gate02w=640h=330]#2 Consider a flexible scheduleYou should also consider aiming for a flexible schedule, as it allows you to better prioritize during different times. If you are working for an employer, it might be more difficult, but nonetheless, possible.Try suggesting to your bos s the option to occasionally work from home. There are actually a number of studies outlining the benefits of working occasionally from home and knowing about these cost-efficiency advantages might help get your boss on board.You could also ask if you can have a more flexible schedule and work longer on certain days and less on others, for example. This might be easily doable in many office jobs, although it probably isn’t as easy to achieve in service-based roles. Start negotiating only after you’ve been able to demonstrate how the schedule wouldn’t affect your work and how it might actually provide more benefits for the company.Therefore, you need to do your research, understand the effects on your work as well as co-workers and the possible benefits the company would enjoy.Remember the flexibility doesn’t necessarily need to be in terms of multiple hours. You could start by asking the option to start half an hour earlier and finishing a bit earlier, for example. This migh t be good enough to guarantee stress-free school runs or getting the kids to their hobbies on time.If you are self-employed, a flexible schedule might be easier to achieve. Start by creating the work schedule as much around the family activities as possible. Not everything needs to be done within a 9 to 5 timeframe!If it’s easier, you can leave an hour-long block to evenings, when you reply to emails from home or get the books in order, for example. These don’t need dealing during the ‘normal’ working hours and you probably could do them at home.#3 Start preparingStaying one step ahead can be a lifesaver when it comes to juggling work and the family. If you can be prepared, you’ll feel less stressed and you don’t need to spend too much time sorting things out.Preparing for different occurrences can take different forms. Some of the cleverest tricks include:Work-related hacks:Sort out your work clothes for the whole week on a Sunday evening. This can cut down time from th e weekday evenings or mornings, whichever time you usually use for preparing your clothes. It also guarantees you don’t need to iron those shirts in the middle of the night.Get stuff ticked off the to-do list during quiet moments. If you have a conference call coming up, organize it for the time when you are driving from work to home or vice versa.Wake up just 30-minutes earlier to check your emails and mark the ones requiring an urgent reply later the day.Family-related hacks:If you are in charge of the family meals, cook bigger batches of foods when you can and freeze proportions for quicker meals. Consider starting meal-prepping on Sundays. This can ensure all the ingredients are measured, which reduces cooking times during weekdays. Furthermore, chopping and measuring food for small containers can be something the whole family can do together.Have a box for those surprising birthdays or other such events. Include different greeting cards and small gifts into the box. This way you won’t go into panic mode when your child reminds you of Tina’s birthday the night before.If the family seems focused on individual things (such as watching TV or playing), take the time to clean around the house or start planning for the next holiday. You should do things when the moment arises, not on a specific pre-determined date and time (say goodbye to cleaning days!). Be flexible.IN CONCLUSIONThe ability to find balance of handling your job and your family is all about planning and preparation. While it’s not an easy task to overtake, it is possible to have a great career and be a loving and attentive mother.The main thing is to stop comparing yourself with others, find the techniques and tactics that work for you and your family and learn to ask for help if, and when, you need it.

New Killers, New War And New Ethics - 1625 Words

Abbey-Gayle Spencer Dr. Moen PHI 110 – Intro to Western Philosophy 12 December 2015 New Killers, New War, New Ethics? â€Å"With his forces intact he will dispute the mastery of the Empire, and thus, without losing a man, his triumph will be complete†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , (Tzu 35). Drones are the new breed of the â€Å"perfect† predators controlled by both civilian masses and military personally. They hunt, they track, and they never lose a target. As far as the world powers are concerned, Drones are a humanitarian weapon, they ensure no human cost to the perpetrator, and are precise in effecting only enemy. After several years of losing loved ones and the young of this nation, we now have a solution, but is it ethically right? Kantian ethics are one’s intentions as†¦show more content†¦If we use preference theory, Drones are good, in the aspect that they satisfy people’s preferences and is directly productive to guarantee satisfaction. Whose good are we aiming to maximize with use of Drones? From a utilitarian view point Drones are choice by the majority, making it the good for the people or as Bentham called it, â€Å"the greatest happiness for the greatest number.† Though the utilitarian method for determining what people’s interests are based on one’s well-being or the well-being of the group as a whole, utilitarian morality would reject this a criterion for determining what is morally right or wrong. Are the actions and policy made for Drones, right or wrong by their actual consequences or their foreseeable consequences? The debate on whether judgement should be based on the actual consequences or the foreseeable consequence to determine if the action is right or wrong. Using the case of a drowning man, saving him is right in the case of foreseeable consequence. But let’s say the drowning man is Adolf Hitler, had he died millions would be saved; in this case the rescuer action would be bad based the actual consequence. For foreseeable consequence it would still be determined right, because the rescuer could not predict the negative effects of saving the person from drowning. Foreseeable consequence utilitarians accept the distinction between the evolution of the action and the people who carry them. For them, what is right or wrong for person to do

Finding the Best Write an Essay about Yourself

Finding the Best Write an Essay about Yourself Write an Essay about Yourself at a Glance If you've got a lot of things to include in the essay, begin by telling your readers the most fascinating and vital things about you. At best, you're telling the reader something they already know. Instead attempt to develop something where you should describe your individual struggles. Thus, don't shy away from revealing sensitive or intricate issues so long as the situations you write about are best for your audience. Always make sure that you revise your essay to be able to remove the demand for use of pronouns in sentences thus developing a formal manner of writing that is more appropriate. Several quotations might also get the job done. While at it, you also need to think of the words you will utilize to describe yourself. Lackluster sentences can bore your audience and might even encourage them to place your essay down before getting to the fantastic part. The Pain of Write an E ssay about Yourself Personal letters are a frequent assignment, not just for students but also for men and women in the corporate world. For your essay to be noticed, you must talk about an experience that not everybody goes through. Well, it's your choice, but we think that it isn't the ideal idea to tell such personal details to strangers who only need to understand how smart and clever you're. Do not become stuck with material possessions and what you've achieved in life. Bear in mind, your private essay might be the truth, but it doesn't indicate you shouldn't consider it from a creative writing mindset. Do not depart from your readers guessing your essay is all about to end. Before you commence writing the essay, take a while to brainstorm ideas. You're writing an essay about yourself but that does not mean that you shouldn't be creative when writing it. Remember you're on a quest on the best way to write essay describing yourself, you would like to leave a positive i mpression. The French solution to the 5-paragraph essay is called the dissertation. Steer clear of rambling and be sure each topic contributes to the total essay. The entire essay writing procedure is made even more difficult once the subject of the essay is personal and about yourself! If you wish to be admitted to nursing school, you might have to to compose a why I wish to be a nurse essay. Ensure that your own personal essay depicts a crystal clear organization. Again, you don't have to include all you write here, in your principal essay. You can also write a great personal essay without sounding subjective. Essay is a well-known genre. Folks have a tendency to select a variety of themes of who they are and attempt to describe all of them. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about a coming deadline. After you have answered that question, you are prepared to go. It's possible to also end things by briefly summarizing the critical points you made throughout your essay, but you should be cautious not to simply recap precisely what you've already said. The simplest way to find out the form of an essay is to realize the writer's point of view. In the event you always write essay, giving personal opinions, you might have to adjust. When writing a paper, you could possibly be provided a prompt. A research writer needs to be able to consider coherently and logically. The most important question of all students who must compose a reflective or private essay is whether it's possible to develop such kind of academic paper without sounding too egotistical. The very first as a sort of dissertation might be the dialectic dissertation, better referred to as thse, antithse, synthse. It's possible to speak about your past, present and future in an extensive manner. Therefore, know the goal of your essay so that you're able to write it into a manner that matches that distinct intent. Understanding who you are and having the ability to describe the person that you are is the very best secret of the way to compose an essay about yourself. After reading the helpful strategies and many examples, a writer may get a better comprehension of the methods to prepare a strong personal statement. Essay about me comes with specific tric ks and advice that can help it become an effortless task once it comes to style and content. Your own personal bio is an opportunity to spell out your potential. It can be disastrous to skip a lifetime opportunity due to a poorly done personal essay. So consider what makes you tick. Add a few dates to refresh your memory if you want to compose a paper in a chronological way. Our order form is as easy as it gets. Again, you might have been given instructions about how to structure your paper, so don't forget to follow them if you got any. One must think creatively so as to break down a problem in the smaller and more manageable components. Or you might be requested to create a paper from scratch making up an intriguing notion, which can be difficult. Remain true to the theme, and you'll get a coherent piece that will get you a superior grade. You don't never need to tell the reader you're superior or the finest in any way if it is possible to show them instead. Bear in mind , you must impress from the very start and make your readers interested so they are going to want to keep on reading your paper. How to Choose Write an Essay about Yourself It is possible to find samples of private essay online. Among the points to take into consideration when searching for a sample essay about yourself is the grade of the paper. You might find a lot of sample essays about yourself on the internet. In order to comprehend how a personal essay appears like, you ought to go through few successful samples. There's, naturally, a limit on the variety of pages even our very best writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but generally, we figure out how to satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. If it's a cover letter, talk about your existing position. If you've got an expert experience of a couple of years in a place linked to fraud, then you may substitute it for each college year. After all, losing your reader's attention might be a real bummer if you are in possession of an essential job, excellent grade or scholarship on line. A degree in Civil Engineering enables me to realize my targets and also gives me a chance to create a difference locally. Instead, mention the way your education can assist your career. Importantly, the essay brings out a distinctive attribute of the writer for a team player with superior leadership abilities. It is vital to make an outstanding essay about yourself no matter the intent of writing and your educational level. How to Choose Write an Essay about Yourself It is preferable to acquire professional writing assistance from the corresponding support. There are sources that can provide you sample essays to use directly from their websites while some give room for downloads so that you may use the example at your own moment. There's equally as much info to avoid though. You should find an honest site that's legal, and you can depend on.

Globalization and the Asian Financial Crisis Free Essays

string(43) " Street with the Dow Jones falling by 554\." Globalization and the Asian Financial Crisis The Asian financial crisis is a prime example of an economic meltdown and it exemplifies the effects globalization has during times of widespread economic downturn. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, globalization is â€Å"the integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment (FDI), capital flows, migration and the spread of technology. † The global economy is becoming further inter-twined and therefore it is very difficult to stop the effects of an economic crisis. We will write a custom essay sample on Globalization and the Asian Financial Crisis or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Asian financial crisis was a major economic crisis that spread throughout several Asian countries. The beginning of the Asian financial crisis can be traced back to July 2, 1997, with many believing the start of the crisis was triggered in Thailand (King 439). On this day, the Thai government floated their currency, the Thai Baht, and it also went to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for â€Å"technical assistance. † One by one, South-East Asian countries such as Thailand, Indonesia, South Korea and Japan saw their economies crash in the wake of heavy foreign investment. An economic boom had made the region an attractive investment proposition for investors for much of the 1990s. From 1990 to 1997, the private capital flow to developing countries rose more than fivefold, from US $42 billion in 1990 to US $256 billion in 1997 (King 441). However, in the summer of 1997, the economic climate changed, on July 2, 1997, the Thai Baht fell around 20% against the US Dollar (King 441). This was seen as the trigger for the crisis, as investors grew nervous, which led to disinvestments on the Baht, resulting into domestic production and development stalling. The reason why this was happening was because many corporations depended on foreign investment and when they dried up, the businesses could not meet their debt repayments, leading to many firms folding across Asia. Within a week of that day in July, the Philippines and Malaysian governments were heavily intervening to defend their currencies. Soon other East Asian countries became involved; Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore and others to varying degrees. As global integration was spreading and growing rapidly, the markets were opening up and becoming more liberalized. This enabled these countries to get a huge influx of foreign capital. These countries were targeted by investors because they were classified as â€Å"emerging markets,† meaning that they had rapid growth and industrialization (Hanieh 65). Hence, they seemed to be ideal for investors as they sought after high profits and yields. It must be emphasized that most of the inflows that came were for short term portfolio investment purposes. Private capital inflows coming into the â€Å"emerging markets† were $42 billion, which increased to a gigantic $256 billion in 1997 (Hanieh 70). Ironically, that peak was the same year as the markets crashed. As mentioned previously, most of the inflows were for portfolio purposes; therefore, the stock markets were experiencing high booms and estate prices were also on the rise. Most of the countries had their currency pegging loosely against the US dollar in the run up to the crisis. The informal pegs to the US dollar encouraged capital inflows due to the large interest rate differential. This though, attracted problems too, due to the predictable nominal rates, it encouraged unhedged external borrowing. This asset boom continued to grow and the flow of credit continued to increase. This resulted into Japan, who was already suffering from their lost-decade, into depreciating their currency (Hanieh 74). As a result, this made their currency weaker and doing so, it made the exports of the South-Eastern countries uncompetitive. This was damaging to the rest of the countries to integrate on a global scale. Most of the functions that these countries undertake are producing parts of a production that would be later assembled and completed in countries like Japan or China. As stated earlier, these tiger-economies operated in a fixed exchange rate system; therefore, their central banks needed to keep enough reserves so that they could support the Baht at the fixed exchange rate. As the central banks ploughed money in to support their currency to maintain the exchange rate, business confidence was shattered and spread across other countries. The effect of this was further felt as their exports were much dearer since Japan devalued their currency. The knock-on effect was that foreign investors started to take their money out. Thailand was the major casualty of this and it quickly passed onto its neighbours; thus, the start of the Asian financial crisis. The financial crisis heavily affected three main emerging economies in the global market; Thailand, Indonesia and South Korea (Hanieh 64). These were the hot-bed for foreign investors who sought high returns on their investments. As the fixed currency fell, the more the investors pulled out; thus, worsening the currency further. The central banks tried in vain to hold the exchange rates as the Thai government spent $23 billion buying the Baht to maintain to US dollar peg (King 440). Investors sank money into these economies without knowing the full extent of policies involved; therefore, as the mounting hidden information of the Thai economy came to surface, it resulted in many speculative attacks on the Thai Baht, which finally forced the central bank of Thailand to float the Baht as it was no longer able to defend the itself against the US Dollar. It can be argued that the uncertainty, which is the absence of quality information on which to base investment decisions had increased the investment risk. This resulted in a contagion effect to other Asian countries. Much of the instability in the economy of Thailand was brought about by heavy short-term borrowing that required debt maintenance. The Thai government attempted to shore up shaky investor confidence by officially backing the financial institutions that were heavily indebted aboard. By October 27, 1997 the crisis had spread worldwide and had an impact on a global scale (Prakash 127). On that day, it provoked a substantial response from Wall Street with the Dow Jones falling by 554. You read "Globalization and the Asian Financial Crisis" in category "Papers" 26 points (or 7. 18%), its biggest point fall in history, causing stock exchange officials to suspend trading (Prakash 128). There are several thoughts as to why the Asian financial crisis occurred. One of the clearest problems that can be seen is that of their financial systems. It has been evident that because the sudden influx of capital flows, the financial systems were not capable of handling the vast amounts. The weak financial systems led to poor investments and excessive risks. Negligent oversight of corporations caused consequences in economic downturns that were not a concern in the mid-nineties boom. The macroeconomic policies of the South-East Asian countries made their economies vulnerable to the uncertain confidence of their foreign investors. However, many economists argue that market overreaction and herding caused the plunge of exchange rates, asset prices and economic activity to be more severe than warranted by the initial weak economic conditions. Also, the deeper roots of the economic crisis went back to the early 1990s. Throughout the 1990s, growth in South-East Asia attracted huge capital flows. The account deficit of Thailand had grown from 5. 7% in 1993 to 8. 5% in 1996 (Khan, Islam, Ahmed 177). This was worsened as the domestic production slowed as the account deficit represented an even greater percentage. Much of the instability in the Thailand economy was caused by heavy short term borrowing and as previously stated; the government spent a lot of their reserves to maintain the exchange rate. This created a false sense of security in pretending the economy was stable. However, this support of the highly leveraged private sector by the Thai government lent the appearance of stability towards an unstable system and attracted even more foreign loans. In February 1997, the Thai company Somprasong was unable to make maintenance payments on its high levels of foreign debt. In the face of such instability, Finance One, the largest finance company in Thailand, failed at the end of May (Khan, Islam, Ahmed 182). Most of the lending by the company was made up of risky loans for real estate and stock market margin investment. This political instability resulted in the resignation of the Thai Finance Minister; thus, worsening the situation. The speculative attacks on the Baht forced Thailand to let the currency float on July 2, 1997, a key date in the Asian financial crisis. As an after effect, the currency depreciated further devastated the Thai economy. This forced the Thai government to call on the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for economic help. In August 1997, Thailand was the first country to seek help and the IMF approved a loan for $3. 9 billion (Glassman 126). However, the IMF gave stipulations that the government had to follow. These were maintaining a level of government reserves, increasing the VAT, government cuts and a reorganisation of the financial sector. As the Baht declined sharply, a second bail-out was approved. Indonesia and South Korea also approached the IMF for financial assistance. Another key element that caused the crisis was that in a lot of East Asian countries the capital account was liberalized for inward and outward flows for foreign investors; however, domestic investors could not invest aboard and this meant they could not diversify their risks. Throughout these countries, financial institutions were inadequate. They had poor prudential management of currency risks, credit evaluation and public financial reporting. Rising global credit and liquidity fed vast amounts of capital to badly regulated institutions. Those had limited transparency and poor due diligence from foreign lenders. The poor macroeconomic policies failed to manage these problems and left the countries vulnerable to shocks in many ways. Firstly, widening current account deficits, financed by short-term debt, exposed the economies to sudden reversals in capital flows. Secondly, weaknesses in the under-regulated financial sector fuelled risky lending. A further problem with exacerbated the crisis was the tendency for the government to intervene and bail out floundering companies. These guarantees put further pressure on the global market as the level of debt kept escalating. Together with the depreciating of the currency meant foreign debt proved to be too much of a burden. A further domino effect was evident between the economies. As the currency of the country depreciated, this had a negative effect on the competitiveness of other countries. Therefore, as the Thai Baht was tumbling, their goods became competitive and had a negative effect on other currencies, such as the Rupiah of Indonesia and the Ringgit of Malaysia (Glassman 129). After the Baht was put on the floating exchange rate, the economy of Thailand started to recover and was able to alleviate their debt earlier than they thought in 2003 (King 459). South Korea did manage to recuperate despite its weak financial system. However, Indonesia was especially hurt by firms going bankrupt and the devaluation of the Rupiah made it harder for them to recover. Monetary and Fiscal policies were tightened as countries fought to cope with the financial panic. The countries also raised interest rates in order to attract foreign currency and increase the price of domestic assets. On the other hand, higher rates meant higher repayments and many could not survive their debts. Following the Asian financial crisis, Russia, Mexico and Argentina all suffered economic collapses (King 61). Another factor that is thought to be one of the reasons for the crisis, the Asian currencies appreciated to levels that were too high leading to a crash in the markets. The IMF gave these countries support during these times and in return they wanted the countries to follow three key elements; large official financing packages, structural reforms, and macroeconomic policies that intended to counter the crisis itself (King 463). Structural reforms were seen as the root causes of the crisis. They intervened to shore up institutions and more importantly, improved the financial supervision and regulation. Thus, reducing the likelihood of a crisis reoccurring. Other structures were also altered to help the economies in the long run; they strengthened competition laws and increased transparency. This would help reduce eradicate corruption. Macro policies were harder to implement due to the turbulent market conditions; though, after some initial hesitations, nominal and real interest rates fell to pre-crisis levels. However, Indonesia’s policies steered them off course for a while before it was brought under control in late 1998 (King 464). The Asian financial crisis raised certain important issues that need to be taken into account for the international financial system. It is very important to prevent a crisis from occurring in the first place, because the short term flow of capital can be moved within seconds; therefore, prevention is the best sought achievement/target. Transparency is also important to crisis prevention. At the height of the Asian financial crisis, some unpleasant information was revealed, in particular, on the weaknesses of central banks international reserve positions. The IMF pointed this out as an integral part as closer monitoring of the finance sector could give alerts to any such problems in the future. Another issue that needed to be analyzed after the crisis was that of capital controls. As the countries liberalized the capital accounts, they left many short falls in the regulation of them. Tighter restriction and closer monitoring of the capital flows would have helped the financial institutions to keep greater control. An additional issue that should be noted is what policies the governments used and which ones seemed to be successful in such a crisis. Looking back at the Asian financial crisis, it seems that monetary policy worked. A period of high interest rates and the market pressures eased and interest rates soon fell below pre-crisis levels. In theory, if monetary policies were implemented earlier, it might have contrasted the spread of the crisis. However, the higher interest rates meant that debt repayments were higher and led to widespread insolvencies. These macroeconomic policies are crucial as they can be implemented to the changing economic conditions. The Asian financial crisis has brought a new way of thinking in the world of global finance. There are lessons that were harshly learnt by a few countries; however, the overall effect was a global one. In the contemporary world, one country does not stand by itself, global integration has meant that countries are connected and interlinked. Therefore, as we witnessed from the Asian financial crisis, the end result of poor management of financial institutions can have a drastic impact on the world economy. In the current climate, we are facing a global recession, an expected drop in world trade, all this as a result of a credit boom. The government and regulators must learn from the Asian financial crisis and hopefully they will be able to contain the latest economic crisis. Works Cited Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press 2010. Web. 18 March 2011. McNally, David. Another World is Possible: Globalization Anti-Capitalism. Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada: Arbeiter Ring Publishing. Print. Adam Hanieh. â€Å"Forum of Hierarchies of a Global Market: The South and the Economic Crisis. † Studies in Political Economy Volume 83. (2009): 61 – 81. Print. Michael R. King. â€Å"Who Triggered the Asian Financial Crisis? Review of International Political Economy Volume 8. Issue 3 (2001): 438 – 466. Print. Aseem Prakash. â€Å"The East Asian Crisis and the Globalization Discourse. † Review of International Political Economy Volume 8. Issue 1 (2001): 119 – 146. Print. Saleheen Khan, Faridul Islam, Syed Ahmed. â€Å"The Asian Crisis: An Economic Analysis of the Causes. † The Jo urnal of Developing Areas Volume 39. Issue 1 (2005): 169 – 190. Print. Jim Glassman. â€Å"Economic Crisis in Asia: The Case of Thailand. † Economic Geography Volume 77. Issue 2 (2001): 122 – 147. Print. How to cite Globalization and the Asian Financial Crisis, Papers

Quay Cranes Weight Management Problems

Abstract The employment of quay cranes assumes a variety of functions. Due to this, problems concerning scheduling and assignment of quay cranes arise. Cranes are to perform a variety of tasks when they are assigned to vessels.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Quay Cranes Weight Management Problems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main issues researched in this matter are safety during the operation of quay cranes, algorithm of vessel priority and the pattern of assignment of cranes to new vessels when their previous tasks are complete. Literature Review In the contemporary world international trade is vital for the development of the world’s economy. Maritime transportation is one of the most cost-effective and popular means of international trade. Goods are handled at ports, where the container traffic experiences rapid growth lately. For the optimisation of container traffic quay cranes are utilis ed. Currently there are three main problems considering the operation of cranes: assignment of cranes to vessels, the issue of quay time and service assignment, and the problem with scheduling of containers handles by quay cranes and their sequence. This paper provides a literature review of seven papers studying these issues. In the article called â€Å"Quay crane scheduling problem† the authors recognise the problem with quay crane scheduling due to the growth of container traffic. The sequence of discharging needs to be determined for a set number of cranes, which will shorten the time of task completion [1]. The important aspect of scheduling is the creation of balance between the stacks of loads and the number of bays. It is suggested that more thorough approach towards stacks and loads planning in each bay will optimize the operation of quay cranes.Advertising Looking for proposal on engineering? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The paper titled â€Å"The dynamic berth allocation problem: A linearised  formulation† by Simrin and Diabat suggests that a progress in quay crane utilisation can be achieved by means of optimisation of container terminal operations [5]. Berth allocation problem or BAP is viewed as one of the major challenges in this sphere. The problem was addressed through an application of genetic algorithm heuristic which was used for various aspects of the problem. The obtained results were tested in order to identify the best, worst and average outcomes. The authors of the study called â€Å"A joint quay crane assignment and scheduling problem: formulation, solution algorithm and computational results† offer a simplified approach towards the problem of quay crane scheduling and integrated assignment. The problem is viewed from the perspective of a crane-to-bay assignment [6]. As a result a Lagrangian relaxation algorithm is developed in order to solve the proble m. After that the relaxed problem is solved through the constraint generation method and the performance of the Lagrangian heuristic is evaluated. In the paper called â€Å"An integrated quay crane assignment and scheduling problem† Theodorou and Diabat view container handling efficiency as the productivity of quay cranes responsible for such operations as loading and unloading of containers [7]. The authors develop a formulation for quay crane assignment. Quay crane scheduling problem is addressed with the help of genetic algorithm and the results obtained after the application of the algorithm are evaluated to determine the efficiency of calculations. Fu and Diabat, the authors of the paper titled â€Å"A Lagrangian relaxation approach for solving the integrated quay crane assignment and scheduling problem† offer an alternative approach to the problems of quay crane integrated assignment and scheduling.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Quay C ranes Weight Management Problems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is recognised that these two issues are always addressed independently from each other. As an alternative, Fu and Diabat suggest addressing them simultaneously this time and offer a mathematical formulation for these problems [2]. The calculations take into consideration quay crane interference. The proposed model is addressed with the help of Lagrangian relaxation and the results are evaluated. In the paper by Fu, Diabat, and Tsai called â€Å"A multi-vessel quay crane assignment and scheduling problem: Formulation and heuristic solution approach† the authors approach the problem with the assignment of quay cranes to vessels and the tasks fulfilled by cranes in a sequence [3]. Important factors such as safety of distances between operating quay cranes, priority of vessels and ordering conditions are taken into consideration in the course of calculations. Sinc e the problem is complex and has many layers, a genetic algorithm is applied to it. The evaluation of the obtained results confirms their validity. The study by Simrin, Alkawaleet and Diabat titled â€Å"A Lagrangian Relaxation Based Heuristic for the Static Berth Allocation Problem using the Cutting Plane Method† maintains that there is a variety of approaches to the solution of berth allocation problem. The difference between these approaches is the way they view berth allocation, as a static or dynamic problem [4]. The layout applied to quays is also different – it can be continuous, discrete or hybrid. Berth allocation problem is viewed as a vital aspect of optimization of work of quay cranes just like in the article called â€Å"The dynamic berth allocation problem: A linearised formulation† by Simrin and Diabat.Advertising Looking for proposal on engineering? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the present article the authors use Lagrangian relaxation with the application of cutting plane method and ran it on various aspects of the problem. References [1] N. Al-Dhaheri and A. Diabat. â€Å"Quay crane scheduling problem,† JMSY,  pp1-8, Feb. 2015. [2] Y. Fu and A. Diabat. A Lagrangian relaxation approach for solving the  integrated quay crane assignment and scheduling problem. Applied Mathematical Modeling, vol. 39, pp1194–1201, Mar. 2015 [3] Y. Fu, A. Diabat, and I. Tsai. â€Å"A multi-vessel quay crane assignment and  scheduling problem: Formulation and heuristic solution approach,† Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 41, pp6959–6965, May. 2014. [4] A. Simrin, N. Alkawaleet and A. Diabat. â€Å"A Lagrangian Relaxation Based  Heuristic for the Static Berth Allocation Problem using the Cutting Plane Method,† Science and Technology Publications, vol 1, pp565-569, 2013 [5] A. Simrin and A. Diabat. â€Å"The dynamic berth alloca tion problem: A linearised formulation.† RAIRO-Oper. Res., vol. 49, pp473-494, Jul. 2015. [6] E. Theodorou and A. Diabat. â€Å"A joint quay crane assignment and scheduling  problem: formulation, solution algorithm and computational results,†Ã‚  Optim Lett, vol. 9, pp799-817, Aug. 2014. [7] E. Theodorou and A. Diabat. â€Å"An integrated quay crane assignment and scheduling problem, â€Å" Computers Industrial Engineering, vol. 73, 115–123, Mar. 2014. This proposal on Quay Cranes Weight Management Problems was written and submitted by user Camilo F. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.